New environmental protection building materials are different from traditional building materials such as bricks, tiles, lime sand and stone, including many varieties and categories. From the functional point of view, there are wall materials, decorative materials, doors and windows materials, insulation materials, waterproof materials, bonding and sealing materials, as well as various hardware, plastic parts and various auxiliary materials. From the point of view of material, there are not only natural materials, but also chemical materials, metal materials, non-metallic materials and so on. New building materials have excellent characteristics such as light weight, high strength, heat preservation, energy saving, soil saving, decoration and so on. The use of new building materials not only greatly improves the function of housing, but also makes the inside and outside of the building more modern, to meet people's aesthetic requirements.
I. Features of new environmental protection building materials
First of all, the new environmental protection building materials are lighter in weight, which reduces the overall weight of the building, reduces the difficulty of construction, and meets the requirements of mechanical properties, practical functions and durability of buildings;
Secondly, the new thermal insulation materials have lower thermal conductivity, and the buildings using such materials bring people more comfortable life, and also reduce people's energy consumption, with good energy saving; meet the requirements of mechanical properties, practical functions and durability of buildings;
Thirdly, the new environmental protection materials have affinity to nature, conform to the principle of sustainable development, can be used repeatedly or easily metabolized by nature; can build a warm, comfortable, healthy and convenient living environment for human beings.
As an important material basis of modern building engineering, new building materials are called health building materials, green building materials, environmental building materials and ecological building materials in the world.
Ⅱ. New types of environmental protection building materials
New environmental protection building materials mainly include: new wall materials, new waterproof sealing materials, new thermal insulation materials, decoration materials and so on.
1.Wall thermal insulation materials
Wall, especially the external wall, accounts for the largest proportion in the overall heat transfer of buildings. In China, heat preservation and energy saving walls are widely used.According to the different positions of the thermal insulation layer, wall thermal insulation can be divided into three types: external wall thermal insulation, internal wall thermal insulation and hollow sandwich composite wall thermal insulation. At present, the external wall thermal insulation technology in China is developing rapidly, which is the focus of energy saving work. The development of external wall thermal insulation technology and the innovation of energy-saving materials are closely related. Building energy saving is based on the development of new energy-saving building materials, and enough thermal insulation materials must be used as the basis. The development of energy-saving materials must be combined with external wall thermal insulation technology to truly play its role. At present, the main building thermal insulation and heat insulation materials are rock wool, slag wool, glass wool, polystyrene foam, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, aerated concrete and rubber powder polystyrene granular slurry. The production and production of these materials need to adopt special processes and special equipment, rather than traditional technology. It is worth mentioning that the rubber powder polystyrene particles slurry is the rubber powder and polystyrene particles light aggregate with water stirring into slurry, smear on the wall surface, the formation of a cavity insulation layer.Polystyrene particles aggregate is made of recycled waste polystyrene board by crushing, and the rubber powder is mixed with a large amount of fly ash, is a kind of waste utilization, energy saving and environmental protection materials.
2. New waterproof materials Waterproof materials are important functional materials needed by the construction industry and other related industries, which play an important role in building environmental protection.
1) waterproof coating is one of the common waterproof measures in construction.There are mainly three kinds of waterproof coatings at present: synthetic polymer waterproof coatings such as polyurethane waterproof coating, which is the most widely used and most successful waterproof coatings at present;asphalt based waterproof coatings, mainly soap liquefied asphalt and water-based asbestos asphalt waterproof coatings, the emergence of a new type of bentonite asphalt emulsion, also make a more practical one;modified asphalt is the earliest class, mainly water-based PVC tar waterproof coating and PVC elastic waterproof coating.
2) modified asphalt rolls mainly have the following kinds, APP rolls (with random polypropylene or polyolefin poly modified asphalt, two sides covered with isolation material made of modified asphalt waterproof rolls), SBS rolls (with polyester felt or glass fiber felt as the tire base, with styrene butadiene modified asphalt two sides covered with isolation material made of modified asphalt waterproof rolls), as well as self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproof rolls and modified asphalt polyethylene tire waterproof rolls.
Ⅲ. The development of environmental protection building materials
1.Advocate clean production
Reduce the negative impact of building materials production on the earth's environment and ecological balance, modern social economy developed, infrastructure facilities on a large scale, the mass production and use of building materials on the one hand for the human construction of rich and colorful, convenient living facilities, but at the same time its development is at the expense of excessive consumption of energy and environmental pollution.Therefore, to protect the environment and achieve sustainable architectural design, it is necessary to add the impact of raw materials on the environment into the value system of building.
2.Save resources, reduce energy consumption
According to the broad view of life cycle, energy consumption of building materials includes: energy consumption of building materials production, building operation, daily use of buildings, demolition and replacement of buildings, reuse of building materials and so on.The more detailed processing and the more complex manufacturing process of products and materials, the more energy is usually consumed in the production process.In general, the better durability of materials, the less indoor pollution.On-site processing, reduce the use of metal, concrete and other highly processed and energy-consuming building materials, and re-develop short-lived and easily consumed waste materials.Choose building materials with less reprocessing, or choose materials that have the least environmental impact on their maintenance.
3.Follow the national environmental protection law Indoor decoration of the environmental pollution problem has caused national attention. The State Quality Supervision Bureau and other departments have also announced the implementation of "indoor decoration materials in wood-based panels and products in harmful substances limit" and a series of environmental protection laws and regulations, should be implemented. Should choose to have passed the environmental management certification of materials; reduce the design of the application of brightly colored stone; more use of high quality polyester paint and environmental protection type nitrocellulose paint, reduce or eliminate in the air circulation poor room use alkyd paint quantity. Of course, different types of buildings have different design standards, but health and harmlessness should be the general principle.
After decades of reform and development in China's construction industry, the quality and performance of building materials have been greatly improved. Energy conservation and environmental protection work not only needs to improve the life cycle awareness of architects, but also should improve the awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection of real estate developers and citizens. Only the whole community pays attention to and attaches importance to energy conservation and environmental protection issues can the building energy conservation and environmental protection work appear in a new situation. The innovation of materials often leads to a technological revolution. We believe that vigorously promoting environmental protection building materials, using modern high-tech hands for design, and adopting pollution-free production technology will make a contribution to human society. In design and practice, we strive to achieve the coordination between human and nature, and create a beautiful and harmonious green home for common development.